Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition classified by frequent occurrences of heartburn. GERD occurs when the liquid content of the stomach regurgitates or refluxes into the esophagus. A high level of acid in the liquid causes inflammation and damage to the lining of the esophagus.

The cause of GERD is not known, but doctors believe it can be caused by a number of factors. Abnormal movement in the lower esophageal sphincter, which allows the liquid to pass in and out of the esophagus, can cause GERD. A hiatal hernia, which moves the lower esophageal sphincter above the diaphragm and prevents it from stopping acid movement, can also cause the condition.

The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn. Heartburn occurs when the liquid traveling through the esophagus stimulates the nerve fibers and causes a burning pain in the middle of the chest. Other symptoms may include regurgitation, nausea and trouble swallowing. More severe causes may cause ulcers or asthma.

There is no clear test for diagnosing GERD. Many doctors will treat heartburn symptoms with acid suppressors and consider effective treatment to be a confirmation of GERD. However, heartburn can be a symptom of other conditions, so other tests are sometimes used. These tests include:

While GERD is a chronic condition that cannot be cured, most of the symptoms can treated to effectively reduce the severity and frequency. Symptoms of GERD can often be treated through life changes and over-the-counter medication. Surgery may be required for more severe cases. Talk to your doctor today if you suffer from the symptoms of GERD.